什么是五十音
日语的字母叫做假名,每个假名代表一个音节。假名有两种书写方式,即平假名和片假名,平假名用于一般书写,片假名则用于表示外来语和特殊词汇等。五十音图中,横排为“行”,竖排为“段”。例如,“あいうえお”叫做“あ行”,“かきくけこ”叫做“か行”,竖排的则分别被称为“あ段”、“い段”等。
日语五十音图发音表每个假名有对应的罗马音。五十音图的发音是非常重要的,在学习发音阶段务必多听多模仿,特别是う段假名,要与中文拼音的发音区分开。
如何记忆五十音图
联想记忆法:记忆假名来源的汉字。
例如「あ」来源于“安”字,「ぬ」来源于“奴”字,日语的假名与汉字有很深的渊源。从来源的汉字来记帮助自己记忆假名和发音是一种比较有效的方式。
感官记忆法:边读边写调动听觉视觉一同记忆。
当抄写不是单纯的手指工作,而变为在纸上展现出的正确文字,加上大声朗读相关假名的读音,视觉和听觉的结合就会强迫大脑进行记忆,效果也自然会比较好。只有反复地抄写让它内化成自己熟悉的东西。
调整顺序法:再次巩固记忆,锻炼快速反应。
待整体熟悉(就是你觉得自己都能背下来)后,这时很重要的一件事就是打乱顺序再记一次。我们一般 初记忆假名时都是按照原本的顺序来记的,当顺序调整后是否还能马上反应过来对应的假名怎么写,看到一个假名马上知道该怎么念?这个时候可以结合简单的日语单词、慢速听力来巩固记忆。
日语中询问近况的单词
お元気でいらっしゃいますか。
您(身体)好吗?
お変わりはございませんか。
您一向可好?
ご机嫌いかがですか。
您心情怎么样?
おかげさまで元気です。
托您的福,很好。
お仕事のほうはいかがですか。
您工作怎么样?
近いかがですか。
近怎么样?
夏休みはいかがでしたか。
暑假过得怎么样?
休日はどこかへいらっしゃいましたか。
假期有没有去哪里啊?
日语语法~ている
动词连用形ている
郷里の町は南に湖が広がっていて、北に高い山がそびえている。
老家的小城南面是湖,北面耸立着高山。
~ている 前接一部分自动词时,表示事物恒久不变的状态。
① 大学の正门は大通りに面している。/大学的正门面向大道。
② 両国の民族性に似ている点が多い。/两国的民族性中有很多类似的地方。
③ この靴は先がとがっている。/这鞋前面是尖。
④ 车は曲がりくねった山の道を走り出した。
车在弯弯曲曲的山路上跑了起来。
※ 除了以上自动词之外, ~ている 在前接 すぐれる、 しゃれる、 ばかげる、 痩せる、 沿う、 离れる、 隔てる 等动词时,也表示事物恒久不变的状态。
※ ている 修饰名词时常用 た 的形式,如:とがった形 比 とがっている形 更自然。
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